Effectively analysing and managing data and information can boost competitiveness, improve productivity, enhance customer satisfaction, and drive innovation. However, as data and information grow at an unprecedented pace, interpreting and utilising them effectively poses challenges for organisations and managers.
CMI 521 Using Data and Information for Decision Making is designed to help learners understand how to interpret, manage, and present business data and information. It equips them with the skills needed to support decision-making at various levels within an organisation.
Table of Contents
Assessment Questions
Northmoor Motor Group operates fourteen franchised car dealerships across the Midlands, employing 720 people across new and used vehicle sales, aftersales servicing, parts and a central finance and administration function. The business is regulated for its consumer credit broking activity. The author is Group Operations Manager. Organisational detail is illustrative and anonymised.
Learning Outcome 1: Understand the use of data and information in decision making
AC 1.1 Analyse the use of data and information in decision making
Separating data from information. Data are unprocessed facts; information is data given structure and context so it carries meaning. Analysing the difference in practice, a figure of 62 is data. Sixty-two used vehicles in stock, against a target of 45, with an average of 74 days on site, is information, and only the second tells anyone what to do. Northmoor’s dealer management system produces data continuously and information rarely, which is the source of most complaints about reporting.
Use across organisational levels. Analysing the variation, board decisions on franchise investment and site acquisition draw on long-horizon aggregated and external data. Dealer principals use weekly and monthly information to manage stock, staffing and marketing spend. Sales and service staff use live data on stock availability, workshop capacity and customer history. Analysing the design consequence, the same underlying records serve all three and require entirely different presentation, and building one report for all of them satisfies none.
Narrowing uncertainty rather than eliminating it. Analysing what data contributes to a decision, it reduces the range of plausible outcomes without producing certainty. A used vehicle valuation drawn from market data is better evidence than a manager’s instinct and remains an estimate. Treating it as fact leads to overpaying on part-exchange; ignoring it leads to the same thing.
Specific uses in this business. Stock management, where days in stock drives depreciation and is the single largest controllable margin factor. Pricing, informed by live market data on comparable vehicles. Workshop capacity planning against booked and forecast demand. Marketing allocation by channel and return. Manufacturer reporting, since franchise agreements require performance data. Regulatory reporting on consumer credit activity. And evaluation of whether previous decisions worked, which is the use most consistently neglected.
data paralyses, since a thirty-page monthly pack ensures nothing in it is read. Analysing the balance. Data-informed decisions outperform intuition in stable, well-measured areas such as stock and pricing, and offer less in novel situations with no relevant history. Buchanan and Huczynski (2023) describe most managerial decisions as taken under bounded rationality, with incomplete information and limited time, which is a fair description of a dealer principal deciding on a Friday afternoon. AC 1.2 Examine types of data and information used in decision making Quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative data are numerical: units sold, margin per unit, workshop hours sold, days in stock. Qualitative data are descriptive: customer satisfaction comments, sales team observations about why a model is not moving. Examining their relationship, numbers establish what is happening and narrative explains why, and Northmoor’s reporting is heavily weighted to the first. Primary and secondary. Primary data are gathered for a specific purpose, such as the group’s own customer follow-up calls. Secondary data exist already, such as manufacturer registration figures and published used vehicle price guides. Examining the trade-off, primary data fit the question and cost money and time; secondary data are immediate and approximate. Internal and external. Internal sources are the dealer management system, finance records, workshop scheduling and customer databases. External sour...
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